Wednesday, October 30, 2002
e-Governance
Business Week writes about The New Push for E-Government in the US:
Technological innovation in government has long been an oxymoron. Bureaucrats hate change -- and the very concept of streamlining. But what happens when the immovable object meets an irresistible force called the Internet? The cheap computing, fast connectivity, and easy-to-use interfaces that characterize the Web are just too powerful to ignore as tools for making government more efficient.
Among other things, they allow citizens to take over tasks -- such as deciding what types of benefits or grants they should apply for -- that once were the domain of clerks. Give government agencies the ability to easily share data and communicate, moreover, and they'll enjoy the same productivity gains that the Net has produced for businesses.
Over the past couple of years, the push for e-government has taken on a new sense of urgency. A ballooning federal budget deficit and the looming retirement from the taxpaying ranks of the massive baby-boom generation mean that over the next 20 years, governments at all levels will probably have to accomplish far more with relatively stagnant revenues and resources (except for the military, of course).
I recently gave a presentation (PPT file, 50 KB) in India at an e-governance conference. It was interesting to see that in thinking, we are right up there with the best. Many Indian states are pushing forth on citizen-centric services. There have been many good projects done in different states. What is lacking is sharing and co-ordination: if only they could pool their ideas together.
Governments also need to focus on the front-end: the access to these services. That was the thrust of my presentation: low open-source and low-cost diskless terminals to build computer centres everywhere.
Blade Servers
Says Marc Andreessen of OpsWare (in InfoWorld):
Blade servers are a subset of a broader trend we see happening that we call "disposable servers." Servers have gotten a lot cheaper since the mainframe and since the 80s. A server two years ago was likely to be a box costing anywhere between $30,000 and $3 million, and it was a big important box that runs big important applications and if it breaks or something goes wrong there're a lot of people that are going to get involved in fixing it. If people shift to the distributed application architecture with the Web, application servers and redundancy, and horizontal scaling where they'll tend to run a much large number of servers but those servers will tend to be much cheaper, you head into a world where the servers themselves become disposable, and I literally mean disposable. Which is, a server that cost $1,000 or $2,000 is not worth fixing. It's so cheap it's not worth the effort to ever try to open it up and fix it. If it breaks, if the hard drive crashes or CPU crashes, you throw the server away. That can apply to Intel 1-U rack-mounted servers or the same concept applies to blades. If a blade failed, you're going to throw the blade away and pop a new one in. And that's a big, big change and it's going to really drive a lot of cost reduction, especially if people migrate off of proprietary Unix onto Linux or onto Microsoft and migrate from old application architectures onto application servers, like BEA and WebSphere. The consequence of that is you're going to have a much larger number of servers that are individually going to be much cheaper and disposable, and applications will be written to be redundant across many servers so you can fail over and can throw those things away.
Intel's Big Bet
From Fortune on Intel's USD 10 billion investment in its newest fabs:
Intel is gambling that by pushing the state of the art in chipmaking faster than rivals are able to, it will reach a point where it can use sheer manufacturing prowess and capacity to undercut any competitor in price, performance, and variety. That means not just fending off would-be archrival Advanced Micro Devices and continuing to dominate the business of making chips for PCs, but also challenging Texas Instruments, IBM, Motorola, and a spate of smaller competitors in chips found in everything from cellphones to cars.
"Capacity is strategy," says Andy Grove, Intel's chairman and former CEO. "Henry Ford used it to revolutionize the automobile industry; the Japanese used it to push us out of the memory-chip business 25 years ago; we used it a decade ago to ignite the explosion of the PC industry. Now we're using it again so we can broaden our business beyond the PC."
Intel thinks its manufacturing capabilities will speed the introduction of incredibly powerful chips that take the Internet to the next level, enabling hundreds of millions of computers, phones, and other devices to be always tied to wireless networks. "We're talking about a half-billion transistors on a chip, and perhaps even a billion," says Paul Otellini, Intel's president, COO, and likely the next CEO. "Suddenly there will be very little limit to what you can design into a single integrated circuit. If you want to talk about a golden age for semiconductors, that's when it will be, and the IT and telecom and consumer electronics industries will be the biggest beneficiaries."
Fortune writes that Intel's big bet is on communication chips. Its strategy gives an idea of the future we can expect.
The chips allow notebooks to speak wirelessly to networks, enable cellphones to make calls, and help route web pages, e-mail, and streaming media around the Internet. Intel thinks it can win business by finding a way to marry computing and communication, quite literally on the silicon chips themselves.
Chief technology officer Pat Gelsinger dubs the strategy Radio Free Intel. Simply put, he wants Intel to incorporate, right into many of its processors, radio transceivers that can automatically detect and connect to hot new Wi-Fi wireless networks and even cellphone networks. "How can we beat Texas Instruments or Motorola, companies that have decades more experience than we do in communications technology?" Gelsinger asks. "By changing the rules and defining a new architecture for integrating communications into smart devices. We want to make a radio transceiver something that you expect to be just another feature of just about any device with a microprocessor."
The most accessible market for Intel's radio-enhanced processors is mobile PCs. By the end of the year Intel will begin shipping samples of specially designed chip sets for notebooks that include ultra-low-power Pentium processors, graphics chips, and other support circuits, and a built-in ability to attach to a Wi-Fi network. These chip sets will enable a notebook computer to sense and connect with wireless networks as its owner moves around, and even switch from one network to another on the fly. "In mobile computing, to focus on the processor performance as we have in the past would be missing the point," says Anand Chandrasekher, the vice president in charge of the product line. "The trick is to make all the extra performance that wireless requires invisible, so it just works, and the user can count on it."
A second big target for the Radio Free Intel initiative involves cellphones and PDAs--markets Intel competes in but doesn't dominate. This year 400 million cellphones will be sold, and many of them will contain Intel's flash memory chips. But phones are also getting smarter and beginning to resemble PDAs in their ability to handle address books, calendars, and the like. Meanwhile Intel's XScale processor is the brains for most PDAs that use Microsoft's Pocket PC software, and it recently won the support of Palm. It has a shot at becoming an industry standard, much as the Pentium is the standard processor in the PC.
Intel's grand plan is to couple its XScale chip with flash memory as a way to get more of its chips into cellphones. It also plans to use the same part, attached to a new Wi-Fi chip, to make PDAs more versatile communicators. Ultimately Intel wants to put everything--the communications transceiver for both Wi-Fi and voice cellphone service, the XScale processor, and loads of flash memory--into a single part that would function equally well as the heart and soul of a PDA or a cellphone. Creating that can be achieved only if Intel can make chips with much smaller transistors, and if it can learn how to place radios, logic circuits, and memory in the same chip package without having their electrical signals interfere.
Andy Grove on the future that will be: "Just wait five years. Hundreds of billions of dollars we now spend on voice telecommunications will become a freebie--just like [Cisco CEO] John Chambers has said. That's Moore's Law at work. The entire entertainment industry will be digitally distributed over broadband networks. [Media companies are] going to tip over, because one of them, with its back to the wall, will make the transition, and the others will have to follow. That's Moore's Law at work. Houses will be wireless, broadband will be delivered wirelessly, and home and portable computers and consumer electronics are going to be built to facilitate all of the above. Okay, it hasn't happened in the first five years; it's going to take ten. And there will be a lot of pain for some. But it will happen, and we'll all benefit."
Related Entries: [ All]
Harnessing Collective Intelligence [November 20, 2006]
Intel's SuiteTwo [November 14, 2006]
Qualcomm vs Intel [August 24, 2006]
Artificial Intelligence Advances [July 19, 2006]
TECH TALK: Computing for the Next Billion: Intel’s Billion [June 19, 2006]
On Time
Writes John Robb: "Time is much different when you are managing a company. It's less important how you spend an hour here or there. What is more important is making sure that the days, weeks, and months spent working are going in the right direction. That is the wasted time I worry about. I guess I am still ruled by time but without the direct tyranny of the watch but more of the calendar." I agree with John. The minutes don't matter as much as the direction one is headed.
On a personal basis, I stopped wearing a watch about 20+ years ago. I lost it on a beach in a school picnic, felt bad about it, and decided not to wear one. Have never really felt the need for one. Over the years, I have developed a reasonable accurate sense of telling the time and can tell what time it is within a range of a few minutes (unless of course I am woken up in the middle of the night!)
In a way, the more one escapes from the tyranny of the clock/watch, it is there everywhere around us. On other people's wrists, the cellphone, the computer, the car. In my room, there are 4 different clocks, each having its own opinion on the current time.
I have found myself to be much more happier without having to worry about thw watch on the wrist. Not to say that I am late for appointments. In general, I am always on or before time. In fact, I am a stickler for punctuality. But not having to worry about each minute passing by is good.
I like the timelessness of travel in an airplane, especially a long flight. Sitting in the seat strapped with the belt, there is little one can do. Except think and read, and let time slowly pass. Only then does one realise how long an hour is, and how little we value it on the ground.
TECH TALK: Technology's Next Markets: The Software Edge
Tech Talk: Let us now move on to software. What are your thoughts on what software is required for the next set of users in the world’s emerging markets and enterprises?
Deviant Entrepreneur: So far, we’ve talked of leveraging technologies and platforms which exist – terminal-server computing, open-source software and WiFi. Of course, we are using them differently from their original purpose – for example, using recycled PCs as desktops, using desktops as servers, using Linux not just on the server but on the desktop, and using WiFi not just for wireless LANs but also for bridging the last-mile connectivity gap.
Software is going to be a critical component of the offerings – it is the interface between the computing infrastructure and the users. It is also where we can think differently, because the users we are planning to target have little or no legacy. There also have been some very interesting developments in recent times in the software world which can be leveraged.
The key ideas are as follows:
Web Services to build re-usable, standards-based software components
An integrated eBusiness suite to provide the platform for an event-driven, real-time enterprise
Weblogs to harness tacit knowledge among people
RSS to create two-way flow of information
Digital Dashboard to aggregate personal and enterprise information on a single screen
Information Visualisation techniques to create a better and more intuitive user interface
Support for Local Languages
By itself, each idea is not new or revolutionary. But once again, taken together, these ideas can form the platform for an exciting new “leapfrog” platform.
TT: Let’s start with Web Services and the eBusiness software suite.
DE: The objective is to create intelligent, real-time, event-driven enterprises. These enterprises need to have a unified database at the backend, with OHIO (only handle information once) as the guiding principle.
Small and medium enterprises are the weak links in today’s supply chains. They have less technology penetration than the big companies, and yet are critical to the information and document flow. They need cost-effective software solutions. This is where web services and the software suite come in.
John Hagel, writing in his new book, “Out of the Box: Strategies for Achieving Profits Today and Growth Tomorrow through Web Services,” provides the rationale behind using web services:
Automating the flow of information between a company and its business partners has always been difficult and expensive. Many interactions thus require human intervention—for instance, employees who key into corporate systems the data retrieved from business partners through faxes, telephone calls, or even lists printed out from the systems of other companies—a practice that leads to human error. Furthermore, many companies maintain larger stocks of inventory than they really need, because the flow of information among partners in the value chains of most sectors just isn’t efficient enough. Since activities near the edge of businesses abound in inefficiency, the opportunities for creating near-term value from Web services are substantial there, which makes it likely that companies will apply them in this way before using them to knit together core internal systems.
Until now, though, integrating the systems of one company with those of its partners has been less feasible than integrating internal systems. Web services promise to change that. Better connections among trading partners are going to mean that companies will be able not only to streamline their edge activities but also to collaborate on improving internal processes, such as product development.
But the real long-term prize of business collaboration lies in mobilizing the assets of partners to deliver more value to their customers. When cooperation among different businesses resembles the activity of a network, they can increasingly focus on innovation in their core activities, and the network becomes more efficient and flexible in what it can offer.
Such process networks are powerful tools for unleashing the potential of specialization. Emerging Web services technologies will play a crucial role in facilitating them.
Web Services provide the ability to build out the “Software Lego” building blocks, which can be used to architect the eBusiness software suite. The foundation is built on an open-source database like SAP-DB or PostgreSQL. JBoss, which is also open-source, can be used as the EJB/J2EE application server.
On top of this come the business logic components. These have the specific logic for accounting, payroll management, HR, CRM, sales force management, and other business functions. By using XML and SOAP, they can be integrated together, and also can be used by independent software vendors to create vertical solutions. An added value can come in from using business process standards like ebXML and RosettaNet.
Tomorrow: The Software Edge (continued)
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Singapore is one of the countries who have a very advanced e-govt. setup up and running. A lot of things are a lot more simpler due to e-govt. As a part of a course requirement, I had attended a focus group discussion of E-Govt. A short report can be found here
Posted by (\/)ysticFor a country like India, I would say that technology will not be the biggest hurdle in implementation of e-govt. It will be the attitude of the people, especially the people who would be replaced by the faceless technology. Unions and parties will join forces with employees to moot down any proposal to replace human over-the-counter interaction.
The way to go ahead would be to re-train these employees so that they can play a complimentary role rather than an antagonistic one. It needs a big change in the mindset of Indian public. Are we ready for that?
Posted by (\/)ysticThe Andhra Pradesh government seems to be getting there. Just behind them is Karnataka. However, mindsets are not the same in all the states & union territories of India. We also need a change in focus from foreign policy & non-secular actrivities, to education and rural infrastructure development. Unfortunately, I'm afraid, it will be quite some time before we see any real progress on this front.
In the region, the emirate of Dubai (dubai.ae) has made a good start at e-governance.
Posted by Clinton GoveasHere in Brazil we already have good government services online. A few friends are now developing a collective document, which will perhaps become a book, called the "Group for Free Software Argumentation". As you may know, we recently elected a new president. During his campaign, a few times he mentioned Free Software (which neither of the other candidates did - I believe they don´t even know what is that). A couple of days after the results of the election were published, Mr. Gates sent Lula da Silva a copy of his book and sent a message that he wanted to have a meeting with the President and with him would go some of the monster corporations on IT: HP, Compaq, don´t remember exactly what were. Can imagine what they want, huh?
Somebody told me that the new President is already well informed, and in his team there are some good guys. One of the possible Ministers of Technology is a Nuclear Scientist who works with Free Software since the seventies.
well, it´s gonna be a good fight.
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http://mcs.gov.in is the first indian central government website with egov.
its GUI is not good, but otherwise it works good. so its a good deal to go with more egovern websites.
Sugan
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